Strengthening Women's Roles in Indian Election Politics

Despite early obstacles, women's participation in electoral politics in India has shown a remarkable progression, suggesting a reduction of the gender gap in political participation. We investigate the revolutionary efforts and tactics that have brought about this change, emphasizing the part played by initiatives such as the Systematic Voters’ Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) program and the mobilization activities of female frontline workers and women’s self-help groups (SHGs).

 The status of Indian women in politics

• In assembly polls, the proportion of women voting has increased.
• But the number of women running for office and their prospects of winning elections continue to be extremely low.
• Notably, in Manipur, politicians like Irom Sharmila and Najima have resorted to riding bicycles to campaign because of their poor financial means.
• The majority of female candidates deemed "winnable" are descended from political dynasties.
• It's difficult for many of the women running for office in particular seats to even keep their security deposits.
• In terms of women in parliament worldwide, India comes in at number 103.
• There are only 65 female MPs in the Lok Sabha out of 543 members, while there are only 31 female MPs in the Rajya Sabha out of 243 members.

 The significance of female involvement in politics:

• The Indian Constitution emphasizes the importance of women's active participation in political processes while maintaining equality for men and women.
• Women make up about half of the population and contribute a variety of perspectives to governance, thus their involvement in policy formation and regulation is essential.
• In addition to driving beneficial behavioral changes in society, women leaders can serve as role models for empowerment and promote greater opportunities and respect for women.
• Leveraging their empathy and understanding of these concerns, more women in decision-making can result in more targeted policies tackling important issues like women's safety, education, child care, maternal mortality rate (MMR), and domestic violence.
• Having women in politics is crucial to building a country where they can prosper, feel protected, and be treated as equal citizens.
• Women's representation in legislatures is frequently associated with decreased corruption and increased governmental efficiency.
• Research on panchayats, or local government, shows how women's reservation laws empower women and encourage inclusive development.
• The revolutionary impact of women leaders in grassroots administration is exemplified by instances such as Radha Devi, a rural sarpanch in Rajasthan who prioritizes girl child education, and Sushma Bhadu, a sarpanch in Haryana who defied patriarchal traditions by revealing her 'ghunghat'.
• Human rights are illusive and unachievable without gender equality and women's empowerment, which emphasizes how critical it is for women to be involved in political decision-making.

 Reducing the Gender Divide: SVEEP's Function

With women's voter turnout falling short of men's, India's Election Commission identified the gender gap in electoral engagement as a serious problem in 2009. The Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) program was created as a result of this acknowledgment. Through creative grassroots initiatives, SVEEP sought to increase voter participation and literacy throughout India, with a focus on women.

The Effect of SVEEP on Voter Turnout:

The SVEEP program's actions had a big impact on future elections' voter turnout. For example, the 2014 election saw a noteworthy increase in the total number of voters, especially among women, which led to a significant decrease in the gender disparity. In 2019, the percentage of women who cast ballots exceeded that of men, demonstrating the program's success in advancing women's political empowerment.

 Creative Campaign Techniques:

Unconventional tactics were used by SVEEP to engage female voters. Social barriers were broken down and women's active engagement in the election process was encouraged by initiatives such as the use of female mascots, the planning of women's rallies, and the introduction of national campaigns. Targeted grassroots mobilization has a significant influence, as demonstrated by the program's success in Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India with deeply ingrained societal norms.

Organizing SHGs and Female Frontline Workers

Making the most of India's network of women's self-help groups (SHGs) and frontline workers was crucial to raising the percentage of female voters. These grassroots leaders were instrumental in raising women's political participation and voter knowledge.

 Frontline Workers' Contribution to Voter Mobilization:

To reach women in distant and underserved areas, SVEEP intentionally employed female frontline workers like as ASHA workers, Anganwadi workers, and SHG members. These workers utilized their authority and influence to empower women with voting knowledge and awareness by participating in large-scale demonstrations and educational campaigns during community meetings.

Facilitating Empowerment via Self-Help Groups (SHGs):

Under the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), India has over 100 million members in one of the largest networks of women's self-help groups (SHGs) globally. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) facilitate financial inclusion and act as platforms for political activism and self-determination. SHGs have a significant impact on women's political agency since their members are more likely to influence other women, attend community meetings, and participate in elections.

 SHGs' Role in Empowering Women: A Case Study

SHGs have a profound effect on women's political participation; the self-help movement in Andhra Pradesh is one state where this is clearly seen. In Andhra Pradesh, where SHGs are affiliated with 60% of female voters, these groups have the potential to greatly impact election results.

Strengthening Governance and Democracy:

SHGs have been essential in helping to strengthen democracy at the local level. SHGs have made it easier for women to participate in local governance, which has changed community dynamics and decision-making procedures. The possibility for genuine political engagement when women are empowered through initiatives like Self-Help Groups (SHGs) is highlighted by the experience of women's reservation in local bodies.

Prospects for the Future and Policy Repercussions:

The increasing number of women participating in electoral politics is a sign that governance is becoming more inclusive. There is a chance to learn from the achievements of women's representation in local bodies while India deliberates the Women's Reservation Bill. Policies intended to address the gender gap in more general political spheres can benefit from an understanding of the successes and difficulties of local-level reservations.

In summary

The trend of women's voting participation in India highlights a paradigm change driven by grassroots mobilization of SHGs and female frontline workers, as well as creative initiatives such as SVEEP. In addition to reducing the gender gap in voting, these initiatives have given women the confidence to participate actively in political processes. Going ahead, making use of the knowledge gained from local governance experiences, and maintaining